In
the normal course of events many men and women are born with remarkable
talents; but occasionally, in a way that transcends nature, a single person is
marvellously endowed by Heaven with beauty, grace and talent in such abundance
that he leaves other men far behind, all his actions seem inspired and indeed
everything he does clearly comes from God rather than from human skill.
Everyone acknowledged that this was true of Leonardo da Vinci, an artist of
outstanding physical beauty, who displayed infinite grace in everything that he
did and who cultivated his genius so brilliantly that all problems he studied
he solved with ease.
Giorgio
Vasari, in the enlarged edition of Lives of the Artists, 1568,
The genousness of Leonardo’s thoughts and work have
fascinated his conteporaries and people throughout centuries. He was a true
polymath, a
person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas.
In his notebook diaries that he was keeping almost his entire life he left us
amazing drawings, technical and scientific sketches and observations that prove
that he was indeed a man before his time. As human civilisation progressed our
knowledge expanded but the number of polymaths like Leonardo decreased. Why is
it so? Why is it so difficult for a modern person to become a Leonardo?
There are numerous factors which made Leonardo - Leonardo.
Here are some of them.
Lack
of formal education
Leonardo was a bastard child, his father was a legal
notary and mother a peasant girl, and was therefore denied formal education. He
did get some informal education in Latin, geometry and mathematics but most of
his knowledge he started to receive upon entering the art studio of Verocchio,
a famous Florentine artist, at the age of fourteen. The initial educational drawback,
proved benefitial to Leonardo’s creativity because his thinking did not get
boxed into specialized segments. Instead, Leonardo developed a holistic
approach in everything that his intellect was occupied with. This and the diversity
of his interests led him to undertake all kinds of different projects which intrigued
his mind and imagination.
Lack of formal education helped Leonardo develop cryptic thinking – willingness to
embrace ambiguity, paradox and uncertainity, something that modern educational
system usually does not encourage.
Lack
of professional expertise
Leonardo was a professional paintor but he was not a
professional doctor, engineer, matematician, geologist, cartographer,
botanist... Yet it did not prevent him from doing serious research on human
anatomy, constructing machines, studing perspective and earth’s tectonic
plates, drawing maps and detailed cross sections of plants... In Leonardo’s
time one did not need specialised knowledge in a particular area to be able to do
scientific research.
Leonardo often experimented with painting techniques and that
did not always work well. This is the reason why many of his works were lost
during time. Although he was a master paintor, it seems that he was not such an
expert in developing new painting techniques.
In 2003 a British television station Channel Four commissioned a
documentary Leonardo's Dream Machines, and they built and tested Leonardo’s machines in the programme. Some
of them worked well while many fared less well when practically tested.
It is doubtful that a modern man could gather enough
knowledge to be able to make major discoveries in different subject areas. Or
even if he did try to do so, he would probably get discouraged because most of
his inventions would not be good enough, they would not work properly and would
need time to develop. It is obvious that Leonardo was creating without having
to worry whether his designs would ultimately work or not. In the abundance of
ideas and designs that he left us, there were some that were unsuccessful but
also some that were simply genial.
Innate
curiosity
During Leonardos’s time there were so many things that
were unexplored and undiscovered. Leonardo would look at the world around him
and ask questions - and there were no answers. There were no public libraries
to go to, no Google to consult. To find answers, Leonardo had to work things
out for himself. His curiosity and his unrelenting quest for knowledge led him
to think of ideas that were unusual for his time and invent machines that were
impossible to construct either because there was no technology that would allow
their production or readiness to recognize their practical use.
Availability of information can kill curiosity.
Rubbing
shoulders with the best
Leonardo
lived in the time when there was a strong culture of new thinking. He was
surrounded by people who supported creativity and had great appreciation for
new ideas.
In his lifetime Leonardo was able to make friends with
the most prominent people of his time. He spent his childhood in Florence which
was at that time the centre of Christian Humanist thought and culture. Leonardo received his artistic education in the workshop
of Verocchio, the same workshop where other famous artists were educated: Domenico
Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli, and Lorenzo di Credi. While he was
living with the Medici family, Leonardo was working in the Garden of the Piazza
San Marco in Florence,
a Neo-Platonic academy of artists, poets and philosophers that the Medici had
established. He got to know Marsiglio Ficino, famous Neo-Platonic philosopher; John
Argyropoulos, teacher of Greek and translator of Aristotle; Pico Della
Mirandola, young poet and philosopher and many other artists and free thinkers.
Leonardo worked for Ludovico Sforza, Duke of Milan; he
lived at the courts of Venice and Bologna; rendered his services to Cesare Borgia,
the son of Pope Alexander VI. Later in his life he lived in the Belvedere
Pallace in the Vatican in Rome and his last years he spent at Clos Lucé, a home
given to him by Francis I, the king of France.
Being
near and around the greatest intellectuals of his time must have influenced Leonardo’s
thinking and motivated him to constantly create new ideas.
Having strong persistence
In
the past people did not live comfortably the way we live now. People used to struggle
to survive, they had to persist numerous difficulties that life imposed on
them. This persistence is also reflected in the way Leonardo thought. He was
willing to experiment and learn from his own mistakes. For him, failure was not
a setback but a step toward success. It always offered a new insight into what
should be improved.
Modern
man does not waste time on endless trials and errors. We live too fast and have
no time to be persistent even if we wanted to. In modern society failure is not
permitted - if something does not work, we rather give it up than work on its
improvement!
Analytical skills
Leonardo
was most famous as a painter, but his thinking was essentially logical and the
empirical methods that he used in his work were rather unusual for his time. He
possessed great analytical skills that were best put to use in his studies of
anatomy. Both his medical and artistic drawings show how observant he was of
the subject that he was studying. These skills helped him get interesting
insights and reach conclusions that many before him did not make.
Nowadays
most people do not stop to think and analyze things surrounding them. We expect
things to be obvious and we tend to overlook important information that could
lead us to interesting insights which can inspire new ideas.
No noise in the brain
Leonardo
lived in a world that was much different from the world that we are living in.
Living at that time was much slower. There were no traffic jams, no TV and
radio, no smart phones and other things that would distract people from
thinking about things that were important to them.
Those
who led ordinary lives thought ordinary thoughts and people like Leonardo
thought about things that will still puzzle and fascinate us centuries after
his death.
POST UPDATE:
One of my readers, Nelly,
wrote to me about an interesting event that is celebrating the spirit of
Leonardo da Vinci:
'Since 2002, people in
businesses, homes, organizations, schools and communities (106 at last count)
in over 46 countries spend the week beginning April 15th (Leonardo da Vinci’s
Birthday), ending on April 21st to enliven, encourage, enjoy and express their
creative spirit. This period of time is known as Idea Week.'
To find out more information about the event, please visit http://www.creativityday.org or http://worldcreativity.wordpress.com
Key words for this blog post:
Creative thinking, Leonardo Da Vinci, think like
Leonardo, cryptic thinking ...